Arctic sea ice loss leads to more frequent strong El Niño events
Changes in winter sea-level pressure (SLP), and sea-surface temperature (SST) and near-surface winds induced by the seasonally ice-free Arctic. a Difference in SLP (hPa) between the time-slice-coupled model experiments with fixed Arctic sea ice during 2080–2099 (ICEp2) and during 1980–1999 (ICEhist). Contours outline the climatological Aleutian Low and Siberian High based on ICEhist. b Regression of changes in SST (color shaded, °C) and near-surface…