Pediatric

Colorized transmission electron micrograph of HIV-1 virus particles (yellow) budding and replicating from an H9 T cell (dark blue). The virus particles are in various stages of maturity, which accounts for differences in shape. Credit: NIAIDNIH-funded trial shows promising outcomes with treatment started promptly after birth.Four children have remained free of detectable HIV for more than one year after their antiretroviral therapy (ART) was paused to see if they could achieve HIV remission, according to a presentation at…

The popular artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot ChatGPT had a diagnostic error rate of more than 80 percent in a new study looking at the use of artificial intelligence in pediatric case diagnosis. For the study published in JAMA Pediatrics this week, texts from 100 case challenges found in JAMA and the New England Journal of Medicine were entered into ChatGPT version 3.5. The chatbot was then given the prompt: “List a differential diagnosis and a final diagnosis.” These pediatric cases were all from…

Image of novel brain organoid model showing its characteristic convoluted shaped and extended neuroepithelium. The neurons present in the organoid are shown in different colors depending on their location within the tissue. Credit: Benedetta Artegiani, Delilah Hendriks, Anna PagliaroResearchers from the Princess Máxima Center and the Hubrecht Institute have developed advanced brain organoids that closely resemble the human cortex. These organoids, named Expanded Neuroepithelium Organoids (ENOs), mimic the brain’s…

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Professor Adrian Krainer developed several antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) molecules for a new potential cancer treatment, but the most potent was ASO5. When mice were treated with ASO5, their tumor cells (stained red) grew slower and began differentiating into healthy cells (stained green). Credit: Krainer lab/Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryResearchers develop a potential therapeutic for lethal pediatric brain cancer, DIPG, using ASO technology. The treatment slows tumor growth and increases…

Evaluating drug safety in children is extremely difficult owing to growth and maturation processes that might change how children react to treatment.A new study identifies drug side effects across pediatric development stages.Pediatric drug side effects account for approximately 10% of pediatric hospitalizations, with nearly 50% of those being life-threatening. There is currently little evidence despite the need to learn more about these drugs and the negative effects they can have on children.Although clinical trials…

It has been 3 months since the United Kingdom reported severe, unexplained hepatitis was sending young children to hospitals in unusual numbers. The initial handful of cases reported in Scotland on 31 March were soon joined by dozens and then hundreds, primarily from Europe, the United States, and the United Kingdom. As of 22 June, the global total, from 33 countries, has swollen to 920 probable cases, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported on 24 June. The U.S. Centers for…

School shootings feel random in their location yet predictable in their occurrence. Killers target elementary, high school and college students in urban, suburban and rural communities. The children killed are Hispanic, white, Black, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, transgender and cisgender. This year school shootings have occurred more than weekly on average with 27 in 2022 (so far). Many go virtually unmentioned on the national stage, however, until the “unthinkable” happens, and 19 nine- to 11-year-old children…