sulfur

Schematic illustrating our model of S in natural waters on early Earth. Input of S from the atmosphere (ultimately derived from volcanic outgassing) into an aqueous body (dark blue box) via wet and dry deposition is balanced by loss of S in the aqueous body due to photolysis, direct oxidation, disproportionation, and seepage. Processes that are sources of aqueous S in the 0D aqueous photochemistry box model are in blue-green text, while processes that…

A now iconic collage showing 22 individual well-known PNe, artistically arranged in a spiral pattern by order of approximate physical size. Credit: ESA/Hubble and NASA, ESO, NOAO/AURA/NSF from an idea by the corresponding author and Ivan Bojičić and rendered by Ivan Bojičić with input from David Frew and the author.Two astrophysicists from the Laboratory for Space Research (LSR) at The University of Hong Kong (HKU) have finally solved a 20-year-old astrophysical puzzle concerning the lower-than-expected amounts of the…

Lyten has made progress in stretching the lifetime of its batteries, recently seeing some samples reach as high as 300 cycles, Mickolajczak says. She attributes the success to Lyten’s 3D graphene material, which helps prevent unwanted side reactions and boost the cell’s energy density. The company is also looking to use 3D graphene, a more complicated structure than the two-dimensional variety, in other products like sensors and composites.   Even with recent progress, Lyten is still far from producing batteries that can…

Progression in Palworld sees your character acquiring even more powerful armaments. A few hours into the sandbox campaign, you'll need certain resources for better weapons. Here's our guide on how to get Sulfur, Gunpowder, and Ammo in Palworld.How to get Sulfur, Gunpowder, and Ammo in PalworldThe Palworld Sulfur, Gunpowder, and Ammo items come into play once you reach technology level 21. This is also when you unlock guns in the sandbox campaign. Moreover, you need the following workbenches for your…

The sulfate poor waters of Lake Superior could provide insights on the biochemistry of Earth's early ocean. Credit: Alexandra Phillips Geochemist Alexandra Phillips has sulfur on her mind. The yellow element is a vital macronutrient, and she's trying to understand how it cycles through the environment. Specifically, she's curious about the sulfur cycle in Earth's ancient ocean, some 3 billion years ago.…

Artist impression of WASP-107b and its parent star. Credit: Illustration: LUCA School of Arts, Belgium/ Klaas Verpoest (visuals), Johan Van Looveren (typography). Science: Achrène Dyrek (CEA and Université Paris Cité, France), Michiel Min (SRON, the Netherlands), Leen Decin (KU Leuven, Belgium) / European MIRI EXO GTO team / ESA / NASAA team of astronomers used recent observations made with the James Webb Space Telescope to study the atmosphere of the nearby exoplanet WASP-107 b. Peering deep into the fluffy atmosphere of…

Two new studies associated with the James Webb Space Telescope’s Early Release Science program have been published, and both have to do with Jupiter’s moons, namely Ganymede and Io.Webb Telescope Images the Pillars of CreationThe first study, led by astronomer Samantha Trumbo from Cornell University and published in Science Advances, presents a fascinating first—the unprecedented detection of hydrogen peroxide on Ganymede. The second study, published in JGR: Planets, reveals another neat finding—sulfurous fumes,…

(A) Location map of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) of the Andes, including the Northern, Southern, and Austral Volcanic Zones (NVZ, SVZ, and AVZ, respectively), showing the Lastarria volcano as a red triangle. (B) General view of the northern side of Lastarria volcano, including the four fumarolic fields (F1–F4). (C) Drone photographs of the fumarolic field 1 (F1), showing the location of the 2019 sulfur flows (samples F1A and F2; coordinate 25.1552°S,…

Several train cars are immersed in the Yellowstone River after a bridge collapse near Columbus, Montana, on Saturday, June 24, 2023.Photo: Matthew Brown (AP)A bridge that crosses over the Yellowstone River in Montana collapsed onSaturday morning, dropping parts of a freight train into the river below, authorities said. Several of the train cars were carrying molten sulfur and hot asphalt, according to an alert from the Stillwater County Disaster and Emergency Services. In response, local officials shut down drinking…

These sulfurous plumes in Laugavegur, Iceland, are not recorded by satellite observations. Ice core analysis shows that such plumes have a much larger effect on the level of aerosols in the atmosphere than previously believed. Credit: Ursula Jongebloed/University of Washington Volcanoes draw plenty of attention when they erupt. But new research led by the University of Washington shows that volcanoes leak a surprisingly high…