School suspensions amplify Black, Hispanic students’ risk of later arrest, study finds
Predicted probability of arrest by suspension status and racial/ethnic group (N = 1,781). Credit: Criminology (2023). DOI: 10.1111/1745-9125.12344
Research shows that school suspensions do not deter but instead amplify future punishment, what has been termed labeling theory: the idea that the symbolic label that comes with a suspension shapes how others perceive students. But few studies have examined racial and ethnic…